The year was 1953 and, anatomical neuroscience still in its infancy (Egas Moniz had been awarded the Nobel Prize for inventing lobotomy just four years earlier), the treatment decided upon was to remove large parts of Molaison’s brain where the seizures occurred. Dr. Scoville ended up removing most of the anterior temporal lobe which included the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center, from both sides of Molaison’s brain. The procedure that Dr. Scoville called a “frankly experimental operation” worked – the seizures all but stopped. Molaison, however, would never be the same.